RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a bioacessibilidade de compostos antioxidantes de frutas estruturadas. As amostras foram preparadas com 50% de cada polpa (manga/cajá, manga/caju e manga/acerola), ágar e goma de gel (baixo acil-LA e alto acil-HA) em relações LA:HA de: 100:0, 75:25 e 50:50, em uma concentração de 0,75%. Houve redução no conteúdo de compostos antioxidantes após a digestão in vitro. Os níveis de ácido ascórbico bioacessível variaram de 15,10% (LA100/HA0 manga/acerola) a 71,18% (LA50/HA50 manga/caju); os Polifenóis Extraíveis Totais (PET) variaram de 24,58% (manga/polpa de cajá) a 75,50% (LA75/HA25 manga/acerola); a atividade antioxidante variou de 21,10% (LA75/HA25 manga/cajá) a 51,05% (LA75/HA25 manga/acerola). A bioacessibilidade de ácido ascórbico da manga/acerola estruturada foi menor e a atividade antioxidante da amostra goma gelana HA manga/caju foi maior em relação à polpa, possível resultado da elevação de temperatura aplicada no processamento. Concluiu-se que os hidrocoloides ágar e goma gelana (HA e LA) foram capazes de reter esses compostos no processo de produção do estruturado e durante a digestão, o que comprova a semelhança das frutas estruturadas com polpas frescas.

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the bioaccessibility of antioxidant compounds of structured fruits. Samples were prepared with 50% of each pulp (mango/caja, mango/cashew apple and mango/acerola), agar and gellan gum (low acyl-LA and high acyl-HA) in LA:HA ratios of: 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50, in a concentration of 0.75%. There was a reduction in the antioxidant compounds contents after in vitro digestion. The bioaccessible ascorbic acid levels ranged from 15.10% (LA100/HA0 mango/acerola) to 71.18% (LA50/HA50 mango/cashew apple); Total Extractable Polyphenols (TEP) ranged from 24.58% (mango/caja pulp) to 75.50% (LA75/HA25 mango/acerola); antioxidant activity ranged from 21.10% (LA75/HA25 mango/caja) to 51.05% (LA75/HA25 mango/acerola). Mango/acerola ascorbic acid bioaccessibility was lower and the mango/cashew apple HA gellan gum sample antioxidant activity was higher than pulp, probably due to temperature increasing at processing. It was concluded that the agar and gellan gum (HA and LA) hydrocolloids were able to contain these compounds in the production process of the structured and during digestion, which proves the similarity of structured fruits with fresh pulps.

Abstract This study aimed to develop an acerola smoothie using gellan gum (GG) as a texture modifier. Samples were developed with three concentrations of GG (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% w/v) and a control sample (without GG). Physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties were evaluated. The smoothie samples showed increased color intensity than the control, with a tendency to yellow and red colors. However, the hydrocolloid concentration did not affect the samples' pH values (4.13 to 4.17). GG presence favored an increase in the samples' viscosity, classified as pseudoplastic fluid. There was a reduction in vitamin C in samples with GG (422.18 to 430.49 mg/100 g), however, the values remained close to the control (448.89 mg/100 g). There was greater sensory acceptance by the sample with intermediate texture (0.2% GG), which obtained a higher frequency for the attributes "homogeneous" and "acerola flavor".

Abstract The elaboration of fruit blends added of functional components results in nutritionally enriched products. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical, sensorial and rheological properties of cashew-apple and araça-boi beverages added with encapsulated omega-3 and stability during 120 days of storage. Juice formulations were prepared with and without adding omega-3 oil and encapsulated omega-3, pasteurized and stored at room temperature, and evaluated sensory, physicochemical and rheological properties. The optimized formulation of the beverage was obtained with 18.6% of cashew-apple and 9.3% of araça-boi pulps, selected in the experiment of the response surface. The formulations with encapsulated omega-3 maintained sensory acceptability. The physicochemical parameters did not present significant interactions among the formulations and the storage time. A consumer test with 100 people was performed using an acceptance test and check all that apply (CATA). The beverage added with unencapsulated omega-3 presented a variation in the sensory attributes along with the storage. All samples showed non-Newtonian behavior and pseudoplastic character. Omega-3 encapsulation is recommended to favor the acceptability and constancy of rheological characteristics in the beverage nutritionally enriched with omega-3.

Abstract A cashew nut-based beverage was obtained using broken cashew kernels and its composition and stability were evaluated during refrigerated storage for 60 days. Sensory tests were performed to define the formulation, testing the best proportion between kernels and water, the effect of kernel roasting, the ideal sweetness, the beverage attributes and the sensory acceptance. A cashew nut beverage can be obtained by grinding the kernel with water in the proportion of 1:10 (m/m) with added sugar at 3%, followed by heat treatment at 140ºC for four seconds. The proximate composition was 11.49% total solids, 0.26% ashes, 1.83% proteins, 3.97% lipids and 5.43% total carbohydrates. The pH remained above 6.49 and the color darkened during storage. The product was considered microbiologically safe and shelf-stable for at least 2 months, and sensory acceptance remained at an average value of 7.1 on a 9-point hedonic scale.

Abstract Acerola industrial by-products present high levels of antioxidant compounds. Encapsulation technology has shown to be of great importance in the food industry. In this context, better nanoparticles are indicated in aiming to enrich food products with bioactive compounds. Five formulations were analyzed for yield, size distribution and zeta potential, infrared spectroscopy, encapsulation efficiency and doping. The yield data presented values from 38.01% to 44.34%. The nanoparticles had sizes varying from 27.12 nm to 308.80 nm and negatively charged surfaces. The encapsulation efficiency was quantified based on the vitamin C content, total extractable polyphenols and antioxidant activity according to specific methodology taking into account the different compounds ranging from 25.44% to 69.37%; 66.45% to 99.56% and 2.24% to 6.54%, respectively. The above data indicate that nanoparticles made with acerola by-products and arabic gum/maltodextrin are promising as natural food additives, with high levels of bioactive compounds.

Abstract This work aimed a sensory characteristics of structured guava elaborated with hydrocolloids agar and combinations of LA and HA gellan. The methods used were Optimized Descriptive Profile (ODP), CATA and Sensory Acceptance Tests. For the ODP, 18 semi-trained judges selected 12 sensory attributes and evaluated the samples using 9 cm unstructured scales. Sensory acceptance and CATA tests were performed by 100 untrained panelists. Sensory tests expressed medium acceptability indexes and similar results for all samples. The highest frequency CATA attributes were Homogeneous, Brightness, Pinkish red color, Guava aroma and Sour taste. The characteristics from ODP were Brightness, Sweet taste, Sour taste, Guava flavor, Firm and Sandy texture. Comparing the three methods, in the CATA and sensory acceptance, tasters did not identify differences between the samples in relation to the type of hydrocolloid, but with the ODP method they could achieve this.

Abstract Three paste formulations were developed for four fruits: caja, murici with mango and pitanga, with differentiated percentages of fruit pulp, organic honey and gellan gum. Pulps, honey and fruit paste formulations were analyzed by antioxidant capacity, vitamin C and in vitro bioaccessibility. All formulations showed a high content of vitamin C, antioxidant action and the bioaccessibility. All the formulations were accepted regarding the overall impression, except MM3 (murici pulp:mango pulp:honey 50:50:00 and 0.25% gellan gum) and PI1 (pitanga pulp: honey 90:10 and 0.6% gellan gum). Therefore, fruit pastes are options to encourage consumption of tropical fruits of agro-biodiversity in the Brazilian Northeast.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivos comparar as alterações nos compostos bioativos, parâmetros de cor e determinar as opiniões dos consumidores através da análise sensorial de abóbora preparada por diferentes métodos de cocção (ebulição, vapor, micro-ondas e sous vide). Os métodos de cocção reduziram o teor de ácido ascórbico (49,73-50,42%) e polifenóis (49,68-64,94%). A cocção em micro-ondas aumentou o conteúdo de carotenóides em 24,58%. A cor das amostras cozidas foi afetada, brilho (L*), cor vermelha (a*) e cor amarela (b*) foram reduzidas e houve também perda de cores vivas (chroma). Os métodos de cocção foram bem aceitos pelos provadores, representando diferentes nichos de mercado e muitos consumidores expressaram a intenção de comprar estes produtos. A análise de componentes principais indicou também a aceitação de diferentes tratamentos por três grupos distintos de avaliadores, um formado pelos tratamentos ebulição e vapor, e outros dois formados por sous vide e micro-ondas individualmente. Abóboras contêm altos níveis de componentes funcionais, e cocção em micro-ondas é o método preferido para promover a sua retenção, a qual pode ser realizada com garantias suficientes de que o produto irá ser sempre adquirido pelos consumidores.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to compare the changes in the bioactive compounds, color parameters and to determine consumer opinions through sensory analysis of the pumpkin using different cooking methods (boiling, steaming, microwaving and sous vide). The cooking methods reduced the ascorbic acid content (49.73-50.42%) and polyphenols (49.68-64.94%). Microwaving increased the carotenoid content by 24.58%. The brightness (L*), red color (a*) and yellow color (b*) were reduced and there was also the loss of vivid color (chroma). The color of samples was affected after cooking process. All cooking methods were well accepted by the tasters, representing different market niches and many consumers expressed the intention of purchasing these products. The main component analysis also indicated the acceptance of different treatments for three distinct groups of assessors, one formed by boiling and steam treatments and two others formed by sous vide and microwave alone. Pumpkins contain high levels of functional components, and microwaving is the preferred cooking method to promote their retention, which can be performed with enough guarantees that the product will always be purchased by consumers.

Abstract In many places of the world, medicinal plants represent the only form of treatment for various diseases. This work aimed to determine and correlate minerals of infusions and leaves of medicinal plants grown in Northeastern Brazil. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis and Pearson correlation were performed. The higher content of Na was for Ocimum basilicum L. (94.3 mg/100g) and Datura stramonium L. (91.6 mg/100g). The plants examined had low levels of K in infusions. All samples contain Mg at significant levels. The cluster analysis divided the medicinal plants into three groups, associated with Passiflora edulis, Capraria biflora and Phyllanthus amarus. Ca and Al were the minerals that contributed most to an association between the plants in principal component 1; while K, Na and Mg contributed most in principal component 2. Furthermore, the high percentage of extraction, mainly Ca and Mg, suggests these plants could be used as potential mineral supplements.

RESUMO A goiaba é um fruto tropical que apresenta elevado potencial de aproveitamento agroindustrial, além de conhecida propriedade antioxidante atribuída, principalmente, ao seu conteúdo de vitamina C e carotenóides. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos conservantes alimentares, individualmente ou associados, sobre as propriedades antioxidantes do suco de goiaba vermelha durante o armazenamento. Os sucos adicionados de diferentes conservantes foram armazenados na ausência de luz durante 180 dias e avaliados, no dia do processamento e a cada 90 dias, quanto aos parâmetros físico-químicos, a cor, ao conteúdo dos compostos bioativos, a atividade antioxidante total (AAT), a qualidade microbiológica e sensorial. Durante o armazenamento, não foi observado mudanças (P>0.05) nas características de qualidade dos sucos de goiaba, uma vez que se apresentaram de acordo com os Padrões de Identidade e Qualidade exigidos pela Legislação Brasileira. De acordo com os dados obtidos para os compostos antioxidantes e a atividade antioxidante total (AAT) pode-se concluir que os sucos de goiaba adicionados dos conservantes metabissulfito de sódio e metabissulfito de sódio + benzoato de sódio apresentaram, aos 90 dias de armazenamento, menor percentual de redução no conteúdo de polifenóis totais e de vitamina C, sendo os polifenóis o principal bioativo de influência na AAT.

ABSTRACT Guava is a tropical fruit that has a high potential for agroindustrial use, also known antioxidant property mainly attributed to vitamin C and carotenoids content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of food preservatives, individually or combined, on the antioxidant properties of red guava nectar during storage. Nectars added of different additives were stored in the dark for 180 days and evaluated at the processing day and every 90 days for physico-chemical parameters, color, bioactive compounds content, total antioxidant activity (TAA), the microbiologica and sensory quality. Was not observed changes in quality parameters (P>0.05), since the guava nectars were presented in accordance with Standards of Identity and Quality required by Brazilian law. According to data for antioxidante compounds and total antioxidant activity (TAA), can conclude that nectars added sodium metabisulfite and sodium metabisulfite + sodium benzoate showed, after 90 days of storage, a lower reduction in total extractable polyphenols (TEP) and vitamin C content, being the TEP reduction directly correlated with TAA.

Brazil is one of the three largest producers of fruits in the world, and among those fruit trees, the cashew tree stands out due to the high nutritional and commercial value of its products. During its fruit processing, there are losses in some compounds and few studies address this issue. Over the last decade the conventional system of food production has been substituted for the organic cultivation system, which is a promising alternative source of income given the global demand for healthy food. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize and quantify the prevalent fatty acids found in cashew nuts obtained from conventional and organic cultivation during various stages of processing. The prevalent fatty acids found were palmitic, linoleic, oleic, and stearic acid. The average of these fatty acids were 6.93 ± 0.55; 16.99 ± 0.61; 67.62 ± 1.00 and 8.42 ± 0.55 g/100 g, respectively. There was no reduction in the palmitic, oleic and stearic fatty acid contents during processing. Very little difference was observed between the nuts obtained from conventional and organic cultivation, indicating that the method of cultivation used has little or no influence on the content of cashew nut fatty acids.

A abordagem do comportamento reológico de néctares mistos de frutas tem fornecido importantes informações para o processamento dos mesmos, resultando em benefícios para a indústria e, consequentemente, para o consumidor. Portanto, neste trabalho, se estudou o comportamento reológico de néctares mistos de caju, manga e acerola, nas temperaturas de 8 °C e 25 °C. As medidas experimentais foram realizadas em reômetro rotacional de cilindros concêntricos e os dados experimentais foram ajustados ao modelo de Casson. A tensão inicial apresentou ajuste ao modelo cúbico especial, para a temperatura de 8 °C. Para a temperatura de 25 °C, observou-se ajuste ao modelo cúbico especial para a viscosidade plástica de Casson. O aumento nas proporções de polpas de caju, manga e acerola resultou no aumento da viscosidade plástica de Casson e o aumento da quantidade de polpa de caju proporcionou aumento na tensão inicial.

The rheological behaviour approach to the study of fruit nectars has provided important information for the processing of these products, resulting in benefits for industry and hence for the consumer. In this paper, the rheological behaviour of mixed beverages based on cashew, mango and acerola fruits was studied at 8 °C and 25 °C. The experimental measurements were made using a rotating concentric cylinder rheometer and the results adjusted to fit the Casson model. The initial stress fitted the special cubic model at a temperature of 8 °C. At a temperature of 25 °C, it fitted the special cubic model for Casson's plastic viscosity. An increase in the proportions of cashew apple, mango and acerola pulps resulted in an increase in Casson's plastic viscosity and an increase in the amount of cashew apple pulp increased the initial stress.

No âmbito dos alimentos recomendados para redução do risco de desenvolver doenças e para melhoria da qualidade de vida, estão as frutas e seus derivados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um suco misto de manga, goiaba e acerola, com aceitação sensorial, utilizando delineamento de mistura para determinar as proporções das polpas. Em cada tratamento, essas proporções, foram definidas segundo um delineamento de mistura simplex aumentado de 10 tratamentos. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas, tais como: pH, sólidos solúveis (oBrix), acidez titulável, relação de sólidos solúveis (SST)/acidez titulável (ATT), teor de vitamina C e análise sensorial. Com base nos resultados, verificou-se que todas as formulações, obtidas a partir de manga, goiaba e acerola, foram aceitas pelos consumidores. As polpas de goiaba e manga deveriam participar numa maior proporção da mistura, pois favoreceram a aceitação. A polpa de acerola, mesmo em menor proporção, contribuiu para o aumento do teor de vitamina C. As formulações com maior proporção de manga apresentaram maiores valores de pH. Maiores proporções de acerola contribuíram para maiores valores de acidez titulável. As formulações que continham maiores proporções de goiaba geraram maiores valores da relação SST/ATT

In the context of recommended foods to reduce the risk of developing diseases and to improve the quality of life, are the fruits and their derivatives. This study aimed to develop a mixed juice of mango, guava and acerola, with acceptability sensory, using experimental blending to determine the optimal proportions of pulps. In each treatment, these proportions have been defined determined according to a design blending simplex increased by 10 treatments. Were performed physicochemical analyses such as: pH, soluble solids (°Brix), acidity, vitamin C content and sensory analysis. Based on the results, it was found that all the formulations derived from mango, guava and acerola were accepted by consumers. The pulp of guava and mango should participate in a greater proportion of the mix, since they promote acceptance. The pulp of acerola, even in a smaller proportion, contributed to the increase in content of vitamin C.

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a estabilidade química, físico-química e microbiológica de polpas de acerola pasteurizadas e não-pasteurizadas, oriundas de cultivo orgânico e armazenadas sob congelamento (-18±2°C) durante 360 dias. O armazenamento sob congelamento não ocasionou perdas significativas de qualidade das polpas de acerola. No entanto, o tratamento térmico influenciou negativamente nos conteúdos iniciais de alguns componentes, principalmente sólidos solúveis, açúcares solúveis totais e redutores, que apresentaram conteúdos inferiores no início do armazenamento para as polpas pasteurizadas. As polpas pasteurizadas e não-pasteurizadas apresentaram boa qualidade microbiológica do início ao final do armazenamento. Dentre as polpas estudadas, as polpas não-pasteurizadas apresentaram melhores características iniciais de cor. As polpas pasteurizadas garantiram melhores características microbiológicas no que concerne aos aspectos de segurança alimentar.

The present research aimed to evaluate the chemical, physical-chemical and microbiological stability of pasteurized and non-pasteurized acerola pulp coming from organic cultivation stored frozen for 360 days. Storage under freezing did not cause significant loss of acerola pulp's quality. However, the heat treatment had a negative influence on the initial contents of some components, especially soluble solids, total soluble and reducing sugars, which showed lower contents at the beginning of storage for pasteurized pulp. Among the pulps studied, non-pasteurized pulps showed the best characteristics of the initial color. The pasteurized pulps guaranteed best features in regard to the microbiological aspects of food safety.

O maracujá tem sido bastante consumido devido ao seu aroma e acidez acentuados, tendo grande importância também por seus frutos ricos em sais minerais e vitaminas, sobretudo, A e C. É utilizado em uma série de produtos como sorvetes, mousses e principalmente como suco. Porém, o processamento afeta o conteúdo, a atividade e a biodisponibilidade dos componentes bioativos. Investigações dos efeitos do processamento nos constituintes nutricionais nos sucos são escassos. Frequentemente, somente as perdas de vitamina C são avaliadas. Este trabalho objetivou investigar como as etapas do processamento (formulação/homogeneização e tratamento térmico) de suco de maracujá afetam as propriedades químicas e físico-químicas deste produto. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que as características químicas e físico-químicas são pouco afetadas pelo processamento, apesar de ter sido verificada diminuição dos teores de vitamina C, antocianinas e carotenoides, estando este último, mesmo após a etapa de pasteurização, em elevadas quantidades.

Passion fruit is widely consumed due to its pleasant flavour and aroma acidity, and it is considered very important a source of minerals and vitamins. It is used in many products such as ice-cream, mousses and, especially, juices. However, the processing of passion fruit juice may modify the composition and biodisponibility of the bioactive compounds. Investigations of the effects of processing on nutritional components in tropical juices are scarce. Frequently, only losses of vitamin C are evaluated. The objective of this paper is to investigate how some operations of passion fruit juice processing (formulation/homogeneization/thermal treatment) affect this product's chemical and physicochemical characteristics. The results showed that the chemical and physicochemical characteristics are little affected by the processing although a reduction in vitamin C contents and anthocyanin, large quantities of carotenoids was verified even after the pasteurization stage.